Shell & Utilities: Detailed ToC

The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001
Copyright © 2001 The IEEE and The Open Group

Shell & Utilities: Detailed ToC

Introduction
Shell Command Language
Batch Environment Services
Utilities
- admin
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 6
- alias
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 6
- ar
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 5
  - Issue 6
- asa
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 6
- at
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 6
- awk
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
    - Overall Program Structure
    - Expressions in awk
    - Variables and Special Variables
    - Regular Expressions
    - Patterns
    - Special Patterns
    - Expression Patterns
    - Pattern Ranges
    - Actions
    - Output Statements
    - Functions
    - Arithmetic Functions
    - String Functions
    - Input/Output and General Functions
    - User-Defined Functions
    - Grammar
    - Lexical Conventions
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 5
  - Issue 6
- basename
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 6
- batch
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 6
- bc
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
    - Grammar
    - Lexical Conventions in bc
    - Operations in bc
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 5
  - Issue 6
- bg
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 6
- break
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
- c99
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
    - Standard Libraries
    - External Symbols
    - Programming Environments
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
- cal
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 6
- cat
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
- cd
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 6
- cflow
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 6
- chgrp
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 6
- chmod
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
    - Grammar for chmod
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 6
- chown
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 6
- cksum
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
- cmp
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
- colon
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
- comm
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 6
- command
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
- compress
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 6
- continue
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
- cp
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 6
- crontab
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 6
- csplit
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 5
  - Issue 6
- ctags
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 5
  - Issue 6
- cut
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 6
- cxref
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 5
  - Issue 6
- date
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
    - Conversion Specifications
    - Modified Conversion Specifications
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 5
  - Issue 6
- dd
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 5
  - Issue 6
- delta
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
    - System Date and Time
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 5
  - Issue 6
- df
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 6
- diff
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
    - Diff Directory Comparison Format
    - Diff Binary Output Format
    - Diff Default Output Format
    - Diff -e Output Format
    - Diff -f Output Format
    - Diff -c or -C Output Format
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 5
  - Issue 6
- dirname
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
- dot
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
- du
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 6
- echo
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 5
  - Issue 6
- ed
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
    - Regular Expressions in ed
    - Addresses in ed
    - Commands in ed
    - Append Command
    - Change Command
    - Delete Command
    - Edit Command
    - Edit Without Checking Command
    - Filename Command
    - Global Command
    - Interactive Global Command
    - Help Command
    - Help-Mode Command
    - Insert Command
    - Join Command
    - Mark Command
    - List Command
    - Move Command
    - Number Command
    - Print Command
    - Prompt Command
    - Quit Command
    - Quit Without Checking Command
    - Read Command
    - Substitute Command
    - Copy Command
    - Undo Command
    - Global Non-Matched Command
    - Interactive Global Not-Matched Command
    - Write Command
    - Line Number Command
    - Shell Escape Command
    - Null Command
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 5
  - Issue 6
- env
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
- eval
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
- ex
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
    - Initialization in ex and vi
    - Addressing in ex
    - Command Line Parsing in ex
    - Input Editing in ex
    - Scroll
    - <newline>
    - <backslash>
    - <control>-V
    - <control>-W
    - Command Descriptions in ex
    - Abbreviate
    - Append
    - Arguments
    - Change
    - Change Directory
    - Copy
    - Delete
    - Edit
    - File
    - Global
    - Insert
    - Join
    - List
    - Map
    - Mark
    - Move
    - Next
    - Number
    - Open
    - Preserve
    - Print
    - Put
    - Quit
    - Read
    - Recover
    - Rewind
    - Set
    - Shell
    - Source
    - Substitute
    - Suspend
    - Tag
    - Unabbreviate
    - Undo
    - Unmap
    - Version
    - Visual
    - Write
    - Write and Exit
    - Yank
    - Adjust Window
    - Escape
    - Shift Left
    - Shift Right
    - <control>-D
    - Write Line Number
    - Execute
    - Regular Expressions in ex
    - Replacement Strings in ex
    - Edit Options in ex
    - autoindent, ai
    - autoprint, ap
    - autowrite, aw
    - beautify, bf
    - directory, dir
    - edcompatible, ed
    - errorbells, eb
    - exrc
    - ignorecase, ic
    - list
    - magic
    - mesg
    - number, nu
    - paragraphs, para
    - prompt
    - readonly
    - redraw
    - remap
    - report
    - scroll, scr
    - sections
    - shell, sh
    - shiftwidth, sw
    - showmatch, sm
    - showmode
    - slowopen
    - tabstop, ts
    - taglength, tl
    - tags
    - term
    - terse
    - warn
    - window
    - wrapmargin, wm
    - wrapscan, ws
    - writeany, wa
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
    - Options
    - Standard Input
    - Input Files
    - Asynchronous Events
    - Standard Error
    - Initialization in ex and vi
    - Addressing
    - Command Line Parsing in ex
    - Input Editing in ex
    - eof
    - Command Descriptions in ex
    - Abbreviate
    - Append
    - Change
    - Change Directory
    - Copy
    - Delete
    - Edit
    - File
    - Global
    - Insert
    - Join
    - List
    - Map
    - Mark
    - Next
    - Open
    - Preserve
    - Print
    - Put
    - Read
    - Recover
    - Rewind
    - Substitute
    - Set
    - Tag
    - Undo
    - Version
    - Write
    - Adjust Window
    - Escape
    - Shift Left and Shift Right
    - <control>-D
    - Write Line Number
    - Execute
    - Regular Expressions in ex
    - Edit Options in ex
    - autoindent, ai
    - autoprint, ap
    - autowrite, aw
    - ignorecase, ic
    - paragraphs, para
    - readonly
    - report
    - showmatch, sm
    - showmode
    - slowopen
    - tags
    - term
    - terse
    - window
    - wrapmargin, wm
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
  - Issue 5
  - Issue 6
- exec
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
  - ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
  - STDOUT
  - STDERR
  - OUTPUT FILES
  - EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
  - EXIT STATUS
  - CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
  - APPLICATION USAGE
  - EXAMPLES
  - RATIONALE
  - FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - SEE ALSO
  - CHANGE HISTORY
- exit
  - NAME
  - SYNOPSIS
  - DESCRIPTION
  - OPTIONS
  - OPERANDS
  - STDIN
  - INPUT FILES
  - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES